Two Current Stories Regarding Modern Computing

Question: Describe about two current stories regarding modern computing. Answer: Introduction The actor-network theory is sometimes defined as the translation sociology that provides a conceptual framework for different processes through technical activities. Within the concept of modern computing, each and every actant is either acted upon acts on another actant for the fulfillment of their objectives. This particular statement reflects the underlying connection between the two actants in modern computing. This relationship can be explored through the application of the actor-network theory. In this particular assignment the focus is drawn to two particular recent topics- "How can we protect the society from Artificial Intelligence and the Increase in the number of fake Facebook accounts. The application of the Actor Network Theory helps in identification of the different actors within the network. The principle of generalized symmetry is incorporated with the concepts of Actor-Network theory. The actor network theory helps in the identification of the human and non-human actants with the network. Furthermore, it helps in building the conceptual framework of the story on which the actor network theory is applied. 1. Two Current Stories Regarding Modern Computing 1.1. Actor network Theory is relevant for studying computing In modern computing, the Actor Network Theory is connected to various socio-technical events. The Actor Network Theory is mostly utilized while conducting any research. The ATN allows in understanding the different actors or actants in the network. The ATN theory mainly focuses on determining the connection or relationships between both the non-human and human actants within the network (Farias and Bender 2012). The ANT describes how the relations can be utilized while recreating a new actor while keeping the characteristics hidden. The significant concepts of Actor Network Theory are: Actants or Actor: Any entity both human and non-human acting on or upon the network. Actor Network: The heterogeneous network on which the activities are done (Liebenberg 2012). Translation: The process how the actants modify others interest in order to achieve their aim. The various reasons for applying actor network theory for studying computing are as follows:1. The application of ANT focuses on the various entities and their effect and role in the social processes (Sayes 2014).2. The ATN describes the technological impacts on the human or society that acts an external force having the potential for changing the social interaction between the actants (Fenwick and Edwards 2012). 1.2. Story 1: How can we protect the society from Artificial Intelligence 1.2.1. Description of the Story The modern computing element of the contemporary days is the introduction of Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence of simple AI is considered as one of the most modern branches of science and computing that allows the computers to behave and act as humanly begins (Devlin 2016). With the advancement of technology, the scientist has developed the real-life application of the AI with the introduction of self-drive cars and others (Best and Walters 2013). The discovery does not stop there, the introduction of AI robots as doctors raised various questions about the policies regarding the application of advanced technology in sensitive field likes medical science. 1.2.2. Categorizing the actants In this particular story, the application of the Actor Network Theorem assisted in the identification of the different human and non-human actants (Pollack, Costello and Sankaran 2013). While analyzing the interconnection between the different entities in the network, it can be defined that society and researchers or technologist are the human actants while artificial robots and doctors are the non-human actants (Barabsi and Frangos 2014). The technology used that is Artificial Intelligence is the software in this particular story, and medical science is the network involved. 1.2.3. Enhancing the management Functions The application of the Actor Network Theory, the interrelationship and interaction between the society, technologist and Artificial robots have been identified in the network, for this particular story. The researchers are the significant actants that developed technologically advanced artificial robots for the medical science (Faulkner and Runde 2013). The artificial intelligence is the most complex branch of science that remains unrecovered. The computing machines can act flawlessly with the various operations and minute details, but the significant questions remain about the flaws in the medical area. There remains no denying the fact, that the introduction of artificially intelligent robots will surely reduce the accidents rates (Bonner 2013). The changes on the actants will take place since humans are less forgiving considering the action of the robots (Amato et al. 2013). This will gradually raise the number of litigations in the medical department. 1.2.4. Linking the Story to larger issues and contemporary debate There are already various services and technological development that assist the patients in reminding the about the different medical problems and services like reminding about taking pills. In no time, the introduction of artificial intelligence in the medical field will enhance the medical treatment and diagnosis procedure ranging from dementia to even cancer (Paul, P.K., Chatterjee and Ghosh 2015). The safeguards and policies need to be refurnished that could benefit the patients. The technologist needs to understand the impact of AI if the different tools and are not scientifically measured or scrutinized. The significant area that remains in doubt that how the robots will identify or discriminate between different patients while in treatment. The utilization of the ANT will help in the managerial processes to enhance the activities in the network. The technologist actants are the most significant in the story because they have the authority to change or modify the activities the network through the implementation of various policies with the mechanism of the medical robots. 1.3. Story 2: Increased number of Facebook profiles 1.3.1. Description of the Story With the increase in social media websites, Facebook has become the most famous and active social media platforms in recent days. Facebook allows the users to share their thoughts and photograph in their timeline publicly. The public display of various emotions, information and data has resulted in the online based crime in the platform (Glymour, Scheines and Spirtes 2014). Various fake profiles used on the platform are used to commit crimes and harassments to user online (Wired UK 2016). The vital aim of the social media sites is to improve communication and interaction between people living far. With the emergence of various online communication technologies, the number of crimes regarding this is also increasing. 2.2.2. Categorizing the actants The Actor Network theory is used in this story to understand the interrelationship and interaction between the users and the fake profile users in Facebook (Leydesdorff and Ahrweiler 2014). With detailed analysis, it can be concluded that the users of Facebook are the users of Facebook are the human actants the fake profiles are the non-human actants, Facebook is the network in the story. 2.2.3. Enhancing the management Functions The Facebook social media provides a platform to the users to share their personal information including name, address, contact number and other personal details. The Facebook do provide privacy settings that the users choose to set who can access the data (Storni et al. 2015). It has been seen that most of the times, Facebook users forget to change the privacy setting for their profiles. The increase in the number of fake Facebook users has made the fake users access the sensitive information. This has resulted in the increase in a number of Facebook frauds and crimes. 2.2.4. Linking the Story to larger issues and contemporary debate The online offenses and crimes are most likely to target and affect the female users more. Facebook need to introduce default privacy settings for the users. The cyber crime related to Facebook has increased the rate of violence and abuse against women including the domestic abuse. Most of the times the fake users actants have the wrong impression that having a fake Facebook profile with fake pictures and information will make them untraceable (Troshani and Wickramasinghe 2014). The fake profile users have extracted the profile pictures of someone else through the social networking site and used it in the wrong intention. Various softwares are used to that hacks into ones profile and make the user id and password visible to the hacker. The different crimes committed online have increased the number of online offense and crimes. In this particular story, the Facebook social communication medium has been identified as the network on which the actors are action on and upon. The managerial function can be developed with the network of the story to modify the effect of actants that is the fake accounts users (Nexon and Pouliot 2013). The proper use of technological tools like encryption of the user id and password, having default privacy settings for the users will reduce the crimes involved in the social media sites. Further tracing the criminals with their IP address the Facebook authority can strictly prosecute the criminals (Bonner 2013). Apart from that, the tracking the crime patterns will help in identifying them and stop any more crimes and offenses. Conclusion In this particular essay, the Actor Network theory has been utilized to identify and understand the relation between the different actors in the network. The recent two stories have been considered to analyze the different modern computing theory in the network. In the first story how to save the society from artificial intelligence the actants and network have been identified. The analysis has further concluded that the implementation of the different policies within the computing will help in improving the situation. While in the second story about the increase in the number of fake profiles in Facebook, the implementation of robust security and laws to prosecute the criminals will help in modifying the activity of the actants. Thus, it can be concluded that the utilization of the actor network theory helps in understanding the relation between the human and non-human activities and ways to improve it. References Amato, F., Lpez, A., Pea-Mndez, E.M., Vahara, P., Hampl, A. and Havel, J., 2013. Artificial neural networks in medical diagnosis.Journal of applied biomedicine,11(2), pp.47-58. Barabsi, A.L. and Frangos, J., 2014.Linked: the new science of networks science of networks. Basic Books. Best, J. and Walters, W., 2013. Actor-Network Theory and International Relationality: Lost (and Found) in Translation.International Political Sociology,7(3), pp.332-334. Bonner, W.B., 2013. 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