Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Blog Image Context How To Choose Relevant Blog Images

Blog Image Context How To Choose Relevant Blog Images It was mid-harvest time, and the air was getting colder. I was strolling with a companion down the road, going to that evening’s ensemble execution. As we passed by the province prison on the contrary side of the road, I halted. I was unable to accept my eyes. â€Å"Look at that!† I said to my companion. I highlighted the south passageway of the prison building. Presently I realize that it is ordinary to see picture takers with their customers making the rounds, shooting photographs in rear entryways, the center of the road, parks, and particularly our state legislative center grounds library which has taking off two-story Ionic sections and is about the main spot around here that you can get that sort of structural foundation. In any case, I concede I was amazed to see a picture taker out shooting an extremely pregnant lady in a cylinder top on the means of the province prison. â€Å"What are they doing?† my companion inquired. â€Å"I envision she is having some pregnancy photographs taken. You know, the ones that show a child bump.† â€Å"But why before the jail?† â€Å"I expect they need the Art Deco design in the background,† I stated, trusting it wasn’t on the grounds that the baby’s father was inside the prison or that she was building up some horrendous unavoidable outcome of where her youngster would wind up. â€Å"I’m not certain the nuance of the Art Deco components is extremely justified, despite all the trouble in the event that you need to utilize the prison as the background.† Our conversation proceeded as we strolled to the show, extending from how cool it is wear a cylinder top on that crisp night to the proclivity for Art Deco to spring up in North Dakota engineering. In any case, I’ve considered that occurrence a ton from that point forward, gauging the photographer’s choice to go for a fascinating foundation for her photograph and deciding to overlook the setting that foundation gave. Not every person would realize the photograph was before the prison, yet many would. Each picture conveys, and needs, setting. This is significant with regards to picking incredible pictures for your blog entries. Each Image Needs Context Generous pictures stock photographs even from a pessimistic standpoint convey almost no setting past that of you snatching a photograph for your blog entry since you know it’s a best practice to have one. The issue is that even that apparently harmless setting can neutralize your extraordinary blog entry, proposing that the duplicate that accompanies this plain vanilla picture is similarly as unexciting. Each picture needs setting and has its own unique situation, and the entirety of this can work possibly in support of your blog entry and the probability that somebody will understand it. 1. An image merits a 1,000 words. Any words. Words generally can't do a picture justice. Be that as it may, which thousand? All alone, a photograph accept the setting the watcher is generally alright with. Uncommon is the picture that can’t be deciphered distinctively relying upon what the watcher brings to it. One watcher sees multifaceted nature while remaining before a Pollock painting, and another sees the workmanship of a kindergartner gone distraught. That equivalent work of art brings out various responses, as well, contingent upon whether it is hanging in a workmanship display or on the mass of a primary school. Half a month after the prison photograph shoot, I met a companion for espresso. Just wondering, I asked her what she would accept on the off chance that she saw the region prison out of sight of infant knock type photograph. â€Å"I’d accept the dad of the child was in jail.† â€Å"Really?† Her response shocked me, yet perhaps she was right. My suspicion had been that the Art Deco components were the objective, however on the other hand, my major was in craftsmanship and that’s how I see everything. Pollock’s painting will consistently be hanging in an exhibition for me. The setting of yourâ images characterizes the substance wherein they appear.Consider your crowd. Think about your blog. The thousand words that your picture adds to your post probably won't be the thousand you were focusing on the off chance that you don’t consider who is perusing and the blog it is being perused on. Tip: these days where it appears as though everybody is hoping to be irritated, consistently survey the pictures you select for your blog entries. While you can’t please everybody (and you don’t need to, on the grounds that that prompts insipid, flavorless substance), get a lot of open-minded perspectives on the symbolism and ask them what they think when they see it with your blog post’s feature and subsequent to perusing the blog. 2. The words you put with a picture changes its effect. Moving past the thousand words that your picture carries with it, you can incorporate words with pictures to change its effect. This works best with adaptable or fringe pictures, those that are outlining a theoretical idea or situation that could be utilized heaps of ways. These are amazing pictures since they bring out peruser interest (which we’ll talk about in a piece). Be that as it may, they likewise must be surrounded into appropriate setting or disarray emerges. For instance, envision a picture of a youngster, head down at a school work area. What does that picture mean? On the off chance that your feature or subtitle peruses: â€Å"Almost half of youngsters don’t have breakfast before school†... ...your translation of that picture would be not the same as if that equivalent content read: â€Å"How to reprimand your canine for eating your schoolwork, and other profitability hacks†. A similar picture can mean totally different things. The words you use with a picture places it into setting so you don’t need to think about whether the baby’s father was in prison or if the mother adored Art Deco design. Prescribed Reading: How To Design The Best Blog Graphics With Free Tools And Design Theory In fact, while scanning for stock pictures, we just have catchphrases to go on, and it’s extreme to discover pictures outside of the run of the mill domain of our inquiry. A hunt on â€Å"productivity† will turn up exhausting pictures of PCs, scratch pads, office scenes, etc. You’ll pass up those fringe pictures that can mean various things in various settings except if you get great at scanning on conceptual words for huge thoughts (which we’ll talk about in a piece). Tip: Use inscriptions with pictures, and consider subtitles that accomplish more than show where you got the picture. Suggest a conversation starter as an inscription, one that the picture alludes to reply. Or on the other hand, use featured content or pull cites in the body of your blog entry that outline your pictures appropriately. Individuals who are skimming substance will see pictures, headings, and pull cites. In the event that they are all in relevant sync, the better for you. 3. Pictures pulled outside of any relevant connection to the subject at hand take on new setting. Quite a long while prior, I was perusing a story online about a man who had been captured for manhandling youngsters after a serious manhunt. The story had just a single photograph, a little headshot of the correspondent who composed the story. It was the newspaper’s practice to incorporate the headshot of the creator. The headshot was a couple of sections down, installed in the content of the story, on the right. The issue was that there was no other photograph for the story. As this story was shared via web-based networking media, the intense feature that recounted a man who had perpetrated a terrible wrongdoing against youngsters was related with a picture of the correspondent. By the following day, the headshot was pulled from the article, so this tragic acknowledgment more likely than not happened to the paper, as well, yet I’d as of now observed the article shared via web-based networking media with the smiling journalist close to the title text, hinting he was the lawbreaker. The main principle would be that you ought to consistently have a highlighted picture for each blog entry with the goal that your headshot or an irregular advertisement doesn’t become the picture via web-based networking media. In any case, there’s more to it than that. A shrewd or harmless picture that depends on the body duplicate of a blog entry may appear to be fine, however when it gets shared via web-based networking media, every one of that individuals may need to pass by is the feature and the picture. Is the correct setting still there? Like never before, feature clearness matters. Be that as it may, so features picture coordinate. Take a gander at your blog post’s included picture, the one that you (and others) will be seeing when it is shared via web-based networking media. Is the setting all off-base? Is the message not what you anticipated? Tip: If need be, join words into your realistic itself (utilizing Canva.com maybe) so that any place the picture ventures, the setting does, as well. This is particularly useful if your blog entry subject is questionable or summons solid responses. Picking Powerful Images That Work It isn’t simple picking a picture to go with a blog entry, coordinating picture with message. More often than not is dedicated to the genuine blog entry, and it’s truly basic to hurl a picture in as an untimely idea not long before you distribute. The picture, be that as it may, is accomplishing some genuine work, (for example, helping your blog entry get read on as of now picture immersed informal organizations), so you should give it genuine thought. Prescribed Reading: How To Make The Best Blog Graphics (For Non-Designers) I thought of a couple of approaches to move toward settling on a choice about pictures you will use with your blog entries. Regardless of whether you utilize all or some from this rundown is up to you. 1. Your picture must stick out. Getting your picture to stand apart isn’t simple. Each informal community is invaded with pictures. The techniques you’ll use to get your picture to stand apart are, essentially: Shading Alarming picture Utilizing humor. Amusingness is most likely the simplest approach with regards to making a frightening picture that sticks out, yet when everybody does it...no one does it well sooner or later. This is especially the situation with images. I realize that a ton of blog entries suggest utilizing images and other mainstream society pictures, yet I propose continuing with alert by they way you pick those kinds of pictures. We’ve all observed the Boromir â€Å"One doesn't simply†¦Ã¢â‚¬  image to death, or the Dos Equis Most Interesting

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Find a Book Idea That Sells 3 Things You Must Check Before You Write Your Book

Discover a Book Idea That Sells 3 Things You Must Check Before You Write Your Book Discover a Book Idea That Sells: 3 Things You Must Check Before You Write Your Book On the off chance that you’re going to compose a book, and you need a book thought that sells,â there are three things you totally should check before you go through brief composing your book.Researching these three things will assist you with composing your book all the more unhesitatingly on the grounds that you’ll have firm motivation to accept perusers will love and purchase your book.Once you have your book thought, and before you start composing, you have to watch that there’s:People searching for your book ideaPeople ready to pay for your book ideaCompetition you can beatThere are two different ways to finish every one of the accompanying advances: a simple, minimal effort way and a tedious, free way. I’ll clarify both. Regardless of which technique you pick, simply pick one of them so you can leave on your book composing venture with certainty. 1. Are there individuals searching for your book idea?Before you go through weeks, months, or years work ing to make your book, keen writers approve that there are individuals looking for your book thought on the web first.The free technique is to type in www.KWFinder.com and utilize their free instrument that as of now permits you 3 pursuits for every day, and type in your book thought. One snippet of data this site gives you is the normal times each month individuals type and quest for your term. The higher the number, the more individuals effectively are searching for the data you’re considering composing about.This device doesn't disclose to you what number of individuals are looking for your thought on Amazon, be that as it may, which can make your outcomes somewhat sketchy. Some of the time individuals are simply hoping to learn free or speedy data, and not really hoping to peruse a whole book.When individuals scan for a point on Amazon, be that as it may, they are there to purchase something. That’s for what reason doing this examination utilizing a product that ex plicitly gives you Amazon information is the best alternative. Enter KDP Rocket. At the point when you look for a book thought utilizing KDP Rocket, it gives you the assessed number of times individuals scan for your thought on Google and on Amazon every month. What's more, there’s no restriction to what number of thoughts you can scan per day.Here’s the outcomes for my invented book thought regarding ‘habits’:Once you’ve confirmed individuals are looking for your book thought, the following stage is to ensure they’re ready to pay for the information.2. Are there individuals ready to pay for your book idea?Unless you’re wanting to part with your book for nothing, this progression is pivotal. In the event that you don’t have KDP Rocket, you’ll need to make a beeline for Amazon.com and quest in the Kindle Store for your composing thought. Take a gander at the indexed lists that show up on the principal page. For each book, look down to discover the Amazon Best Seller Rank. You’ll most likely need to make a spreadsheet now on the off chance that you haven’t as of now to monitor the numbers. When you have the Best Seller Rank for every, you should place each number into the Amazon Best Seller Rank Calculator. The adding machine will reveal to you what number of books are selling every day. In the event that you duplicate this number by 30, you’ll get the evaluated cash every month that book makes.If you do this for each of the 14 of the books that appear on the main page of your hunt, you can locate the normal your book thought makes every month. This will give you a thought if it’s productive enough for you to seek after.  If you’re searching for the quick and simple way, you’d as of now have this data directly readily available from doing stage 1 (confirming individuals are searching for your book). By clicking ‘Analyze’ on KDP Rocket, you can p romptly gain proficiency with the normal profit every month. Stunning, propensities is a cash producer! See that second column!So individuals are searching for your thought and they are happy to pay for your thought, however would you be able to contend with the huge canines? 3. Would you be able to beat the opposition for your book idea?Terms like ‘habits’ are well known and beneficial, yet the opposition is serious. You may have seen the section called â€Å"Competitive Score.† This gives you a score between 1-100 on how hard it is get your book to show up when individuals look for your term. A 1 is simple peasy and 100 is close unthinkable. I’m speculating like me, you’re not a renowned writer, so you’ll need to discover book thoughts that have lower rivalry. Scores during the 20s or beneath are my standard objective. This doesn’t mean you can’t compose a book about propensities. This fair methods you may need to continue loo king to refine your plan to be increasingly explicit so you can all the more likely contend. At the point when you look in the Kindle Store for your thought, you’ll need to observe the quantity of results that show up. This lets us know there are 8,055 different books that position for the term â€Å"habits† on Amazon.Next, click on the main 3 outcomes and record their Amazon Best Seller Rank. Locate the normal of these 3 numbers to locate the normal Best Seller Rank of the best 3 books. You should expect to get your book to rank #1 since it gets the most snaps, and unquestionably have the option to contend with the top 3.Then, take a gander at the book covers, book depictions, and audits. Give each book a score 1-100 dependent on your assessment of its polished methodology, plan, clearness, and satisfaction of analysts. In the event that it would appear that a book you could without much of a stretch beat, it’s a 1. On the off chance that it’s great and for all intents and purposes brilliant, give it 100. Having every one of these numbers in an exceed expectations spreadsheet will assist you with breaking down the opposition of your book idea.If that appears to be a great deal of work, or you don’t realize how to score the opposition, you’ll love what KDP Rocket can accomplish for you. At the point when you click on the ‘Analyze’ catch to find how much cash the book thought makes, a Competitive Score was likewise naturally created. For ‘habits,’ the opposition is 73pretty extreme. Rocket will likewise give you a lot of other prescribed terms to consider, so by just looking down, I discovered ‘healthy eating habits.’ Lower competitionbut individuals aren’t paying for that thought. What about ‘how to break terrible habits’: See how you can even now expound on what you’re inspired by, however just checking the prevalence, gainfulness, and rivalry can assis t you with refining your thought from a â€Å"I trust this works idea† to â€Å"Let’s compose this book as of now idea!†Book Idea ValidatedOnce your book thought passes these three checkpoints, at that point you’re on your approach to unquestionably composing your book. Presently you have motivation to trust it won’t be a misuse of your time and you can continue with more confirmation that you’re composing a book that will sell.To get familiar with how this productâ can help you gainfully dispatch your book to progress, look at KDP Rocket here!

Friday, August 14, 2020

My Reality Of Syllabus Week

My Reality Of Syllabus Week At this campus, or any college  campus for that matter, there is a facade  around syllabus week. But what is syllabus week? Urban dictionary says:  the first week of class, when syllabi are passed out a basic waste of time. Notice the last five words, please. In my own words, it can be defined as the misconception  that the first week of college is a blow off because little to no learning is done in class, and no outside work is given, either. Thus, leaving large amounts of free time. Photo from quickmeme.com I came from an high achieving high school with a academically rigorous schedule. My teachers always boasted about how well prepared I was for college, and how my high school courses may even be been more challenging than my college courses. The constant bragging  ingrained  a pretty egotostical mindset in me; I was prepared to soar through week one with grace, ease, and a hustling social life. On Monday morning at 9:00 a.m. I arrived at my first college class. It was a lecture hall with roughly 150 studentsâ€"small enough to feel obligated to show up  but large enough to drown out one single voice. Of the 50-minute course, 15 minutes were spent going over the syllabus, 10 were introductions, and the last 25, lecture. Thats right, on day one I was slammed with lecture AND homework. To no surprise, my second class of the day went quite similarly. On Tuesday night, I planned to get my work done early so that I could go out with my roommates that evening. On top of Mondays homework, I was hit with three reading assignments, one webassign, one essay, and a whole list of required texts. The bookstore line took 40 minutes to even get to a register, not to mention the half mile walk back to my dorm carrying 10 pounds of Math 103. Photo from campusriot.com As I lugged the textbooks up three flights of stairs and finally got to my room, my roommate was sitting at her desk feverishly typing. When I asked her what she could possibly be doing, she looked at me and said: I have a speech tomorrow. Ill spare you the breakdown of how Wednesday-Friday went, but Im sure youve figured out the pattern. Ultimately, there are two paths you can choose during syllabus week: academics over social life or social life over academics. And the scary part is that your choice often defines how the rest of your college career will go. Believe me when I say there is a balance between the two, but that the pressure is on you. No professor will care if you stop doing your work and your parents cant drag you out of bed and force you to go to class. College is about a transition into adulthood, and growing up to be the person you want to be. Dont take advantage of the misconceptions behind syllabus week, because you will be in for an unpleasant surprise. Whichever path you decide to take, or however you spend your first week as an adult, remember why you are here in the first place. It may seem easy to take the common  path, but as M. Scott Peck said, Until you value yourself, you wont value your time. Until you value your time, you will not do anything with it. Photo from athleticscholarships.com Rachel Class of 2020 I am studying Middle Grades Education with concentrations in Social Sciences and Literacy in the College of Education. Although I now reside in Champaign, I am originally from Vernon Hills, a Northwest suburb of Chicago.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Global Warming And Its Effects On The World Essay

Among the issues plaguing our world such as global warming, pollution, deforestation, depletion of natural resources, increased emergence of pandemics and epidemics, loss of freshwater, and species extinction there exists one underlying cause, overpopulation. The human population has reached a record 7,467,374,326 people as of 11/27/2016, and is growing at an exponential rate (Current World Population). With the Earth’s number of occupants multiplying so rapidly, our need for resources escalates alongside it. According to Edward O. Wilson, a sociobiologist at Harvard University, â€Å"the planet can hold 10 billion people at the uppermost population limit.†(How Many People Can Earth Support?) Once we reach that threshold, then we will use what little remaining resources we possess and all die in a mass famine. If the human race keeps increasing at the projected amount, then metropolises like New York City will become the standard size for any city or town. There will n o longer be small towns out in the middle of nowhere because the landscape will have been stripped down and developed. This urbanization is becoming evident here in Gwinnett County as the roads and residential areas are becoming more and more crowded every year. The infrastructure does not support the growth of this magnitude. This overflooding of people is visible even in the communities that lie within the wake of urban encroachment. Throughout all the school systems in Georgia, Gwinnett county is the largestShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Global Warming On The World1235 Words   |  5 PagesThey may not be feeling the effects of global warming at the moment, but in time it will become a more widespread issue. The effects of global warming are hard to refute, and there is endless evidence of this growing problem in our world today. The continuation of global warming is a serious threat to everyone and everything on Earth. Global warming has been a problem for over a hundred years, and it continues to grow every day. The first evidence of global warming was discovered in 1859 by JohnRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The World868 Words   |  4 PagesDisputed Global Warming Affects Global Warming is in the minds of critical thinkers and scientist as well as the Industrial World. In this paper, we will look at man-made causes of Global Warming, and natural causes in Global Warming Affects. The man- made cause would be (GHC) which abbreviates to greenhouse gases and the chemical (SO2) represents sulfur dioxide from cars and Industry. The natural cause in the climate would direct more to a cooler climate. The Global Warming remains,augmented thatRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The World1025 Words   |  5 PagesJacob Keirns Persuasive Paper Miss Beverly March 22, 2016 Global Warming â€Å"Some men aren t looking for anything logical, like money. They can t be bought, bullied, reasoned or negotiated with. Some men just want to watch the world burn.† -Christopher Nolan The late nineteenth century was a time of immense discovery, particularly in the world of science. First theorized in the 1890s, the idea of global warming has been around for just over 100 years, despite it’s relatively recent gain in tractionRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The World1575 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal warming has become a major issue in the world today. Not only are humans being affected, but many species and organisms are as well. Naturally, the Earth experiences heating and cooling cycles, and has over time. The ice age is a great example of a cooling cycle that was rather extreme. Since the industrial revolution, the amount of greenhouse gases has increased and built up in the atmosphere over time (Weart, 2015). The climate changes are being caused by the heat that is trapped in theRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The World1267 Words   |  6 Pages Over the course of the years global warming has become a threatening issue that scientists and the government have been cognizant about. Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth s atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earth’s climate. The earth periodically warms up and cools down. The Earth is currently going through a warming trend that coincides with the industrial revolution. ThisRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The World1185 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Greenhouse Gasses Global Warming has been devastating the earth and economy for the last twenty-five years. Greenhouse gasses developed from the production of chemicals such as R-22, oil, and factories have destroyed ozone and ecosystems for the last hundred years. Carbon dioxide is produced naturally and absorbed by plants and animals, but, too much, and it is deadly. With the increase in automobiles and production, the world government has begun to address the issue of greenhouseRead MoreEffects Of Global Warming On The World Essay1816 Words   |  8 PagesDiseases, war, etc... Those are major concerns of this world, and climate change is always a hot issue given to debate. It s not just a matter of a single country, but it’s a problem of the whole human race. Humanity is facing the risk of extinction. The impact of environmental pollution leads to climate change and natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes. Those disasters are caused by the impact of humans to nature, such as deforestation, ecological imbalance, and use of chemicalsRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The World1036 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition of Global warming is; a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants. Global warming is a very big issue that is slowly affecting the whole world. Climate change has been studied since the early 1970’s, and scientist of many different fields are agreeing that global warming’s effects are increasing at a rapid pace. Global Warming was notRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The World Essay919 Words   |  4 PagesThe world has many years existing in this galaxy and every day we see that is changing more and more but not in a very good way that it can end in the extinction of the planet earth. â€Å"Earth Hasn’t Heated Up This Fast Since the Dinosau rs’ End† (Lavelle). Carbon is growing so fast in the atmosphere faster than in the past 66 million years since the dinosaurs went extinct (Lavelle). All the presidents hold a position of power that could change this big problem that the planet is having, behind thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The World1823 Words   |  8 PagesGlobal warming is called by some as a threat to all people on all nations while others disregard it as another publicity stunt by the media. Research tends to indicate that humans have caused most of the past century s warming by releasing heat-trapping gases as we power our modern lives. The result is global warming with the weather patterns shifting and glaciers melting, the world we know today is slowly dissipating as these changes bring about dramatic consequences for all on the planet including

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Analysis Of Into The Wild By Chris Mccandless - 753 Words

Into the wild by Jon Krakauer is a true journey of a man named Chris McCandless who wanted to escape from the norms of the modern tendency of social comformandy, although his journey eventually came up short. Christopher McCandless engulfed the philosophy from American poet Henry David Thoreau of having less government and pro self sufficiency with ties to nature and beauty of having freedom in his surroundings. McCandless shared his views from American poet Henry David Thoreau . Chris McCandless, who lived in a white collar family, grew tiresome from the conformism of modern society, so he left on a mission to go his own way, and to live on his own pace away from people and closer to nature. (28) â€Å"He took as gospel the essay â€Å"on the†¦show more content†¦As Thoreau believes when a government has to much authority, it becomes corrupt and individuals lose their free will. Our intuition and natural instincts guide us to do the right things. â€Å"In nature, we a re uncorrupted. It is only when we let society influence us that we start to conform and hence, be corrupted.† Self reliance; The tenants of trandecilism. This piece is in correlation to Thoreau, observes the fact the governments role in brainwashing society to conform is the driving aspect in corruption. â€Å"Striving for material goods is worthless and an unhealthy pursuit. It is totally superficial. Money is evil because it causes us to place artificial and false value on objects and people.† Materialism is bad; The tenants of trandencilism. Henry David Thoreau would also agree in the fact of materials are a waste of space, and people who obsess over objects are unhealthy, and can turn into a life of selfishness and greed. Christopher McCandless, and more famous Henry David Thoreau share many of the same idealistic philosophies yet along with that they do differ in subtle differences. As it’s well known for starters, McCandless and Thoreau both shared the idea of a â€Å"the government is best which governs least†. This is meaning that to much government control distracts us from our own biological natural existence, and can lead into moral wrongdoings. Another thing the men both could agree on is that nature is good. Being close toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Chris Mccandless s Odyssey Into The Wild1103 Words   |  5 PagesInto the Wild follows Christopher McCandless through his last year of his life traversing the North American frontier. As a biography based on McCandless’ journals and interviews, much of the details of Chris’ journeys are speculated. Yet, Krakauer succeeds in developing the enigma of Christopher McCandless, or as he would be immortalized in the bus on the Stampede Trail, Alexander Supertramp, in a way that tugs at the buried wanderer inside of everyone. Throughout the novel, Chris McCandless facesRead MoreInto the Wild: an Analysis of Who Jack Londonwas to Chris Mccandless1113 Words   |  5 Pagesfound at the bus where Chris McCandless’s body was found. Chris McCandless admired Jack London as a man and a writer. Chris went into the wild’s of Alaska to prove that he could live off the land, with no modern conveniences, and no human contact. Jack London wrote stories about men and animals experiences against the environment, and survival against hardships, which were written from his own life. His works included individualism and the study of the laws of nature. Chris wanted to explore hisRead MoreAnalysis Of Chris Mccandless s The Wild And Understanding His Life 1196 Words   |  5 Pagestimes they are simply unimportant part of your life. When having a unique personality, like Chris McCandless, becoming friends is hard but many acquaintances can be made. After reading Into the Wild and understanding his life, many people can be thought of who would have benefited Chris if he got to know them. These people could help Chris see the other side of the story as well as change the tragic ending. Chris would benefit the company of Ted Kaczynski, Garret Mason, and Bill Gates. All three of theseRead MoreAnalysis Of Chris Mccandless s The Wild And Never Came Back Out 1128 Words   |  5 PagesMaryna Nguyen Ms. Mensen US Lit. A 24 November 2014 Chris McCandless: Who Went Into The Wild and Never Came Back Out To the average person, going off and living off the land is far fetched from the ideal â€Å"perfect life† or â€Å"American Dream†. To Christopher McCandless, it’s another story, he isn’t the type of person to â€Å"stick to the status quo†, he follows the things that he believes could benefit himself. To some people, it may be narcissistic because it’s selfish to only think about what is goodRead MoreThe Wild And Ambitious Journey Of Chris Mccandless1202 Words   |  5 PagesInto The Wild Analysis Alexander Supertramp: Personification of Courage The story Into The Wild details the spiritual and ambitious journey of Chris McCandless. Chris McCandless is depicted by the author Jon Krakauer as an individual who grew tired of the social perceptions and all the flavorless interactions that occupied it. Despite the career path that was laid in front of him, McCandless sought something more than what materialism had to offer; He sought enlightenment. Due to the cause thatRead MoreEssay On Chris Mccandless1092 Words   |  5 PagesChris McCandless, the subject of Jon Krakauersâ€Å"Into The Wild,† whose off-the-grid Alaskan adventure ended in starvation is a hero and an idealist whose sense of independence and adventure inspires us to reach for our dreams. McCandless was a courageous man. He wanted to live a life that was completely different than the one his parents lead. And wanted to submerge himself in the world that we live in and be sequestered from people who take it for granted. However, most students see McCand less asRead MoreInto the Wild: by Jon Krakauer1186 Words   |  5 Pagesthat Chris McCandless did in his life. When reading I could definitely sense Krakauers natural liking for McCandless. He was sympathetic to McCandless, based on Krakauers sense of a shared experience in their youth and up until McCandless eventual death and Krakauers perceived near death experience on the Devils Thumb. I believe the author’s main point and perspective was formed from his own experience and relationship with his father. While the situations were basically reversed with Chris notRead MoreAnalysis Of Chris Mccandlessness In Into The Wild870 Words   |  4 PagesChris McCandless was a free spirit, unbound by the chains of society and an old soul who took pleasure, and fulfilled his lust for adventure, by tramping around the United States. Rather than living the normal life in civilization, Chris felt his love for nature stated when he abandons his family and lives off the land. Jon Krakauer, the author of Into the Wild wrote the book about Chris McCandless aka Alex Supertramp when he died of starvation in the Alaskan wilderness and made headlines. PeopleRead MoreLiterary Analysis of Into the Wild1669 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Analysis of Into The Wild Imagine spending thirty days alone in a tent or a cabin in the wilderness with no technology, electricity, running water, and any form of communication. Every day you wake up to the sight of the beautiful, tall trees and the various wildlife living in the area. Most of the time, you can hear the many sounds of nature: the majestic songs of birds, the whistling in the wind, and trees rustling. But sometimes all you can hear is nothing but silence. Most of usRead MoreInto The Wild By John Krakauer1735 Words   |  7 PagesInto the Wild Analysis John Krakauer’s depiction of the tragic life of Chris McCandless in the award winning novel â€Å"Into the Wild† creates different schools of thought that brew a perfect storm for debate. Krakauer’s polarizing style is what makes it so special, because no two people will feel the same way as they experience the journey of McCandless. One of the highly discussed topics of the novel relates to the idea that Chris’ journey of self-discovery in his quest for â€Å"ultimate freedom† is inherently

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Symptom Recital by Dorthy Graves Free Essays

In this composition I will be comparing and contrasting two poems from our love poem selections. The two poems I will be using are â€Å"Symptom Recital† by Dorothy Parker and â€Å"Symptoms of Love† by Robert Graves. These are two of the poems I found most interesting within our selections, because in both â€Å"Symptom Recital† and â€Å"Symptoms of love† both authors depict the feelings their speakers encounter with love. We will write a custom essay sample on Symptom Recital by Dorthy Graves or any similar topic only for you Order Now In these two poems the differences out weight the similarities. The differences in these poems are very noticeable. In â€Å"Symptom recital† Dorothy Parker expresses a woman’s feelings after a bad break up. Parker expresses the anguish and disgust the woman feels about herself, the hatred and the state of mind she is currently in. Parker then uses metaphors’ to express the woman’s thoughts of dismay, such as in line eleven and twelve (I’m disillusioned, empty-breasted/ for what I think I should be arrested). These lines parker expresses that the woman is thinking horrible thoughts of herself and that these thought could be so terrible that if they were brought to the public she would most definitely be arrested. While in the previous poem we saw that Parker was expressing the ill feelings of a breakup, now in Robert Graves’s poem â€Å"Symptoms of Love† is expressing the feelings and emotions someone endures while going through love. Graves depicts the up and down emotions that love gives. The headaches because of how much the speaker cares for the other. How those headaches turn to Jealousy and nightmares. Graves expresses these in metaphors in line one and four through eight. love is a universal migraine/ Symptoms of true love/ are leanness, jealousy/ laggard dawns;/ are omens and nightmares-/ listening for a knock). In these lines Graves shows the emotions of relationships and how they all tie together in one big ball. The similarities both these poems share is the fact that both speakers are showing emotions that come with love. Both the emotions the authors show are turmoil, whether it is while currently in the relationship like â€Å"symptom of Love† shows or after the relationship which â€Å"Symptom Recital† expresses. Both of these poems both end in a somewhat happy tune, for example in Symptom recital the whole poem is very upsetting but ends on a positive not that one day the speaker will find love again. While in â€Å"Symptoms of love† the speaker tone is of how hard it is to be in love but in the end wouldn’t do it for anyone other than the person he shares his love with. In conclusion both poems were very strong, emotion filled poems of the hardships and enjoyments of love and a relationship. How to cite Symptom Recital by Dorthy Graves, Essay examples

Monday, May 4, 2020

Two Current Stories Regarding Modern Computing

Question: Describe about two current stories regarding modern computing. Answer: Introduction The actor-network theory is sometimes defined as the translation sociology that provides a conceptual framework for different processes through technical activities. Within the concept of modern computing, each and every actant is either acted upon acts on another actant for the fulfillment of their objectives. This particular statement reflects the underlying connection between the two actants in modern computing. This relationship can be explored through the application of the actor-network theory. In this particular assignment the focus is drawn to two particular recent topics- "How can we protect the society from Artificial Intelligence and the Increase in the number of fake Facebook accounts. The application of the Actor Network Theory helps in identification of the different actors within the network. The principle of generalized symmetry is incorporated with the concepts of Actor-Network theory. The actor network theory helps in the identification of the human and non-human actants with the network. Furthermore, it helps in building the conceptual framework of the story on which the actor network theory is applied. 1. Two Current Stories Regarding Modern Computing 1.1. Actor network Theory is relevant for studying computing In modern computing, the Actor Network Theory is connected to various socio-technical events. The Actor Network Theory is mostly utilized while conducting any research. The ATN allows in understanding the different actors or actants in the network. The ATN theory mainly focuses on determining the connection or relationships between both the non-human and human actants within the network (Farias and Bender 2012). The ANT describes how the relations can be utilized while recreating a new actor while keeping the characteristics hidden. The significant concepts of Actor Network Theory are: Actants or Actor: Any entity both human and non-human acting on or upon the network. Actor Network: The heterogeneous network on which the activities are done (Liebenberg 2012). Translation: The process how the actants modify others interest in order to achieve their aim. The various reasons for applying actor network theory for studying computing are as follows:1. The application of ANT focuses on the various entities and their effect and role in the social processes (Sayes 2014).2. The ATN describes the technological impacts on the human or society that acts an external force having the potential for changing the social interaction between the actants (Fenwick and Edwards 2012). 1.2. Story 1: How can we protect the society from Artificial Intelligence 1.2.1. Description of the Story The modern computing element of the contemporary days is the introduction of Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence of simple AI is considered as one of the most modern branches of science and computing that allows the computers to behave and act as humanly begins (Devlin 2016). With the advancement of technology, the scientist has developed the real-life application of the AI with the introduction of self-drive cars and others (Best and Walters 2013). The discovery does not stop there, the introduction of AI robots as doctors raised various questions about the policies regarding the application of advanced technology in sensitive field likes medical science. 1.2.2. Categorizing the actants In this particular story, the application of the Actor Network Theorem assisted in the identification of the different human and non-human actants (Pollack, Costello and Sankaran 2013). While analyzing the interconnection between the different entities in the network, it can be defined that society and researchers or technologist are the human actants while artificial robots and doctors are the non-human actants (Barabsi and Frangos 2014). The technology used that is Artificial Intelligence is the software in this particular story, and medical science is the network involved. 1.2.3. Enhancing the management Functions The application of the Actor Network Theory, the interrelationship and interaction between the society, technologist and Artificial robots have been identified in the network, for this particular story. The researchers are the significant actants that developed technologically advanced artificial robots for the medical science (Faulkner and Runde 2013). The artificial intelligence is the most complex branch of science that remains unrecovered. The computing machines can act flawlessly with the various operations and minute details, but the significant questions remain about the flaws in the medical area. There remains no denying the fact, that the introduction of artificially intelligent robots will surely reduce the accidents rates (Bonner 2013). The changes on the actants will take place since humans are less forgiving considering the action of the robots (Amato et al. 2013). This will gradually raise the number of litigations in the medical department. 1.2.4. Linking the Story to larger issues and contemporary debate There are already various services and technological development that assist the patients in reminding the about the different medical problems and services like reminding about taking pills. In no time, the introduction of artificial intelligence in the medical field will enhance the medical treatment and diagnosis procedure ranging from dementia to even cancer (Paul, P.K., Chatterjee and Ghosh 2015). The safeguards and policies need to be refurnished that could benefit the patients. The technologist needs to understand the impact of AI if the different tools and are not scientifically measured or scrutinized. The significant area that remains in doubt that how the robots will identify or discriminate between different patients while in treatment. The utilization of the ANT will help in the managerial processes to enhance the activities in the network. The technologist actants are the most significant in the story because they have the authority to change or modify the activities the network through the implementation of various policies with the mechanism of the medical robots. 1.3. Story 2: Increased number of Facebook profiles 1.3.1. Description of the Story With the increase in social media websites, Facebook has become the most famous and active social media platforms in recent days. Facebook allows the users to share their thoughts and photograph in their timeline publicly. The public display of various emotions, information and data has resulted in the online based crime in the platform (Glymour, Scheines and Spirtes 2014). Various fake profiles used on the platform are used to commit crimes and harassments to user online (Wired UK 2016). The vital aim of the social media sites is to improve communication and interaction between people living far. With the emergence of various online communication technologies, the number of crimes regarding this is also increasing. 2.2.2. Categorizing the actants The Actor Network theory is used in this story to understand the interrelationship and interaction between the users and the fake profile users in Facebook (Leydesdorff and Ahrweiler 2014). With detailed analysis, it can be concluded that the users of Facebook are the users of Facebook are the human actants the fake profiles are the non-human actants, Facebook is the network in the story. 2.2.3. Enhancing the management Functions The Facebook social media provides a platform to the users to share their personal information including name, address, contact number and other personal details. The Facebook do provide privacy settings that the users choose to set who can access the data (Storni et al. 2015). It has been seen that most of the times, Facebook users forget to change the privacy setting for their profiles. The increase in the number of fake Facebook users has made the fake users access the sensitive information. This has resulted in the increase in a number of Facebook frauds and crimes. 2.2.4. Linking the Story to larger issues and contemporary debate The online offenses and crimes are most likely to target and affect the female users more. Facebook need to introduce default privacy settings for the users. The cyber crime related to Facebook has increased the rate of violence and abuse against women including the domestic abuse. Most of the times the fake users actants have the wrong impression that having a fake Facebook profile with fake pictures and information will make them untraceable (Troshani and Wickramasinghe 2014). The fake profile users have extracted the profile pictures of someone else through the social networking site and used it in the wrong intention. Various softwares are used to that hacks into ones profile and make the user id and password visible to the hacker. The different crimes committed online have increased the number of online offense and crimes. In this particular story, the Facebook social communication medium has been identified as the network on which the actors are action on and upon. The managerial function can be developed with the network of the story to modify the effect of actants that is the fake accounts users (Nexon and Pouliot 2013). The proper use of technological tools like encryption of the user id and password, having default privacy settings for the users will reduce the crimes involved in the social media sites. Further tracing the criminals with their IP address the Facebook authority can strictly prosecute the criminals (Bonner 2013). Apart from that, the tracking the crime patterns will help in identifying them and stop any more crimes and offenses. Conclusion In this particular essay, the Actor Network theory has been utilized to identify and understand the relation between the different actors in the network. The recent two stories have been considered to analyze the different modern computing theory in the network. In the first story how to save the society from artificial intelligence the actants and network have been identified. The analysis has further concluded that the implementation of the different policies within the computing will help in improving the situation. While in the second story about the increase in the number of fake profiles in Facebook, the implementation of robust security and laws to prosecute the criminals will help in modifying the activity of the actants. Thus, it can be concluded that the utilization of the actor network theory helps in understanding the relation between the human and non-human activities and ways to improve it. References Amato, F., Lpez, A., Pea-Mndez, E.M., Vahara, P., Hampl, A. and Havel, J., 2013. Artificial neural networks in medical diagnosis.Journal of applied biomedicine,11(2), pp.47-58. Barabsi, A.L. and Frangos, J., 2014.Linked: the new science of networks science of networks. Basic Books. Best, J. and Walters, W., 2013. Actor-Network Theory and International Relationality: Lost (and Found) in Translation.International Political Sociology,7(3), pp.332-334. Bonner, W.B., 2013. History and ISBroadening our view and understanding: ActorNetwork Theory as a methodology.Journal of Information Technology,28(2), pp.111-123. Devlin, H. 2016.Killer robots and digital doctors: how can we protect society from AI?. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/mar/15/killer-robots-driverless-cars-alphago-and-the-social-impact-artificial-intelligence [Accessed 24 Mar. 2016]. Farias, I. and Bender, T. eds., 2012.Urban assemblages: How actor-network theory changes urban studies. Routledge. Faulkner, P. and Runde, J., 2013. Technological Objects, Social Positions, and the Transformational Model of Social Activity.Mis Quarterly,37(3), pp.803-818. Fenwick, T. and Edwards, R., 2012.Researching education through actor-network theory. John Wiley Sons. Glymour, C., Scheines, R. and Spirtes, P., 2014.Discovering causal structure: Artificial intelligence, philosophy of science, and statistical modeling. Academic Press. Leydesdorff, L. and Ahrweiler, P., 2014. In search of a network theory of innovations: Relations, positions, and perspectives.Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology,65(11), pp.2359-2374. Liebenberg, J., 2012, October. Unravelling the Text Book as Embodied Curriculum: An Actor-Network Theory View of an Android-based eBook Implementation in a South African Secondary School. In M. Specht, M. Sharples and J. Multisilta eds.,,mLearn(pp. 302-307). Nexon, D.H. and Pouliot, V., 2013. Things of Networks: Situating ANT in International Relations.International Political Sociology,7(3), pp.342-345. Paul, P.K., Chatterjee, D. and Ghosh, M., 2015. Neural Networks: Emphasizing its Application in the World of Health and Medical Sciences.Journal of advances in medicine,1(2). Pollack, J., Costello, K. and Sankaran, S., 2013. Applying ActorNetwork Theory as a sensemaking framework for complex organisational change programs.International Journal of Project Management,31(8), pp.1118-1128. Sayes, E., 2014. ActorNetwork Theory and methodology: Just what does it mean to say that nonhumans have agency?.Social Studies of Science,44(1), pp.134-149. Storni, C., Binder, T., Linde, P. and Stuedahl, D., 2015. Designing things together: intersections of co-design and actornetwork theory.CoDesign,11(3-4), pp.149-151. Troshani, I. and Wickramasinghe, N., 2014, January. Tackling Complexity in E-health with Actor-Network Theory. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 2994-3003). IEEE. Wired UK. 2016.Trolls who use fake profiles will face prosecution (Wired UK). [online] Available at: https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2016-03/03/trolls-criminal-prosecution-facebook-twitter [Accessed 24 Mar. 2016].

Friday, March 27, 2020

To Kill A Mockingbird The Brave Jem free essay sample

To Kill A Mockingbird: The Brave Jem Finch Essay, Research Paper To Kill A Mockingbird: The Brave Jem Finch The book To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, has manycharacters and subjects. The chief subjects are racism and theinteraction of coloured and white people in the South. The settingis Maycomb County, Alabama. The chief characters are the Finchfamily ; father Atticus, girl and narrater Jean Louise ( Scout ) , and her older brother, Jem Finch. Jem was a courageous male child. He was brave plenty to stand up and make the things he had to, even if they scared him. An illustration is when he had to assist bring around Mrs. Dubose # 8217 ; s drug job. The following Monday Jem and I climbed the steep front stairss to Mrs. Dubose # 8217 ; s house # 8230 ; # 8221 ; # 8220 ; So, you brought that dirty small sister of yours, did you? # 8221 ; was her recognizing. Jem said softly, # 8220 ; My sister International Relations and Security Network # 8217 ; t dirty and I ain # 8217 ; t scared of you, # 8221 ; although I noticed his articulatio genuss agitating. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill A Mockingbird The Brave Jem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jem Finch # 8217 ; s courage had many ways of demoing itself. He frequently got frightened but he didn # 8217 ; t want anyone ( particularly Scout ) to cognize it. He would frequently make things even if he truly didn # 8217 ; t want to, because he was courageous and proud. This pride was for himself and his fa mily.His male parent was really of import to him ; Jem thought it was his dutyto stick up for his male parent when others in the town said thingsabout him. # 8220 ; Jem, # 8221 ; he said, # 8220 ; are you responsible for this? # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Yes sir. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Why # 8217 ; vitamin D you do it? # 8221 ; Jem said quietly, # 8220 ; She said you lawed for niggas and trash. # 8221 ; Jaish-i-mohammeds courage was besides apparent in other character traits ; emotions were a big portion of his life. Because Atticus was a attorney, Jem frequently went to the tribunal room and noticed the assortment ofstrong emotions that are invoked by the force per unit area and atmosphere ofthe courtroom. Jems bravery makes him witting of his emotionsand he doesn # 8217 ; t ever want others to cognize how he feels. Scoutknows that he ever waits until he thinks it is the right clip toreveal his emotions. # 8220 ; I can acquire the janitor to allow you in # 8230 ; Scout? # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Hm? # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Nothing. # 8221 ; Jem hadn # 8217 ; T started like that in a long clip. Merely as the secret plan is really complex and can # 8217 ; t be described in one sentence, so are the characters. A chief character like Jem Finchis really complex and it would be impossible to lucubrate on all ofhis traits in merely one page. Jems courage is evident in hislifestyle, his pride, and his emotions. The Brave Jem Finch

Saturday, March 7, 2020

One Florida Education essays

One Florida Education essays Governor Jeb Bushs One Florida Initiative has come into action and there have been many opposing opinions towards this plan since The Board of Regents approved it. Some might say the plan has split Florida in two. Many Florida citizens who support One Florida argue towards opposing positions to give the plan a chance. These supporters believe this state needs a change because of the numerous problems within our school system. Opposing sides argue that they might consider part of, which is the plan that grants schools money towards scholarships and mentoring but their position is that affirmative action is not a problem. Supporter of One Florida Initiative believe that the plan could not have come about any later than it did because we needed some action done fast. While opposers believe that this plan was voted on too fast and the governor didnt give citizens enough information or time to do anything about it. The initiative to help diversity among college admissions was a well thought out plan supporters argue. They believe One Florida will work if we give it some time. Once we get used to the plan we will see how well it is working we while will learn more about. Supporters are sure that this plan will improve the way Florida works and that we will influence other states to do the same. Bushs plan would replace the states affirmative-action policies, which have been used with mixed success, in university admissions(Porter 1). Opposers of One Florida ask what is he replacing it with? He is not replacing it, he has just eliminated it and this is a form of equivocation. Citizens who oppose the governors plan argue that Affirmative action has only been around for 30 years. Its too soon to get rid of it(Kennedy A1+). Affirmative action was a plan that opposing sides did not want to do away with, and they believe that this plan is not as beneficial as a ...

Wednesday, February 19, 2020

The subterranean museum Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The subterranean museum - Assignment Example I personally find this ridiculous. While many people were targeted by the Holocaust, Jews were by far the most targeted. When Hitler enacted the final solution, it was not the final solution to deal with the problem of mentally handicapped people, nor was it the final solution to deal with gays and lesbians. It was the final solution to end the existence of the Jewish people, and the industrial slaughter machine was targeted solely at Jews. Of course everyone needs to be remembered in some way, but I also think it’s perfectly fair that there is a memorial specifically for Jews, and I think it should be the biggest and most important one. There was also a great deal of controversy over the inclusion of a subterranean museum, or â€Å"Ort.† The original designer did not like to include a subterranean museum, but one was built alongside the memorial anyway. I don’t think that it really mattered whether or not the museum was included with the project. Surely a museum about the Holocaust needed to be included somewhere, and most people visiting one site would probably visit the other. It does perhaps take away some of the solemnity of the memorial itself, by turning it into numbers and digits, however. There was also a great deal of conversation about whether it was appropriate for America to have a Holocaust memorial, when the Holocaust was perpetrated in Europe. I think that this is a waste of taxpayers’ money, and there are better ways to remember America’s role in

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

Intermediate accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intermediate accounting - Essay Example This is because the problems with livestock market are seasonal and past experience and solutions largely serve as guiding principles for present and even the foreseeable future anomalies. Three Little Pigs Inc. is a public entity with three types of inventories viz. live hogs ready for sale, developing animals, and processed pork products consisting of loins, ham and bacon. The Company maintains live hogs and processing plants at various locations. Also, there are live hogs in some locations which cannot be easily transported and processed at the Company’s main processing plants, and, as a result, these live hogs have to be sold to third parties at spot market prices. The current problem the management is facing is the result of spot market prices for live hogs that have declined. The causes mentioned for the decline are not specific except the capture of the â€Å"Big Bad Wolf.† Whatever the reasons, they are strong enough to bring about a decline in prices due to surplus production. However, the management led by its CEO, Farmer Joe, is confident of a turnaround during the third and fourth quarters of the year with a specifically good projection for the last quarter. The management is also positive that the total revenues for the pork products and total revenues for sale of live hogs to third parties, based on current spot prices, will be favorable enough to offset losses incurred due to price decline in the second quarter. Due to the slump in the second quarter, the management is of the view that there may be lower of cost or market issues involved in the Company’s inventory of live hogs and developing animals held for sale to third parties as on September 30, 2002. Thus, the urge to go for impairment evaluation is present. (Lower of Cost or Market) However, management must be cautious in acting upon impairment evaluation although expert opinion of impairment evaluators can help increase

Monday, January 27, 2020

Study On The Objectives Of The Bse Sensex Finance Essay

Study On The Objectives Of The Bse Sensex Finance Essay BSE SENSEX is the short form of the BSE Sensitive Index. The index is widely used to measure the performance of the Indian Stock Market. It is a Market Capitalization Weighted index of 30 stocks representing a sample of large, liquid, well established and financially sound companies. The index is widely reported in both, the domestic and international, print and electronic media and is widely used to measure the performance of the Indian stock markets. The BSE Sensex is the benchmark index of the Indian capital market and one which has the longest social memory. In fact the Sensex is considered to be the pulse of the Indian stock markets. It is the oldest index in India and has acquired a unique place in the collective consciousness of investors. Further, as the oldest index of the Indian Stock Market, it provides time series data over a fairly long period of time. One of the most important attributes of Sensex is to maintain continuity with the past i.e. to update the base year av erage. The base year value adjustment ensures that the rights issue and new capital of the index scrips do not destroy the value of the index. The day-to-day maintenance of the Sensex is done by the Bombay Stock Exchange and special care is taken to include only those scrips, which pass through several filters. The Stock Exchange, Mumbai popularly known as BSE was established in 1875 as The Native Share and Stock Brokers Association. It is the oldest one in Asia, even older than the Tokyo Stock Exchange, which was established in 1878. It is a voluntary non-profit making Association of Persons (AOP) and is the first Stock Exchange in the country to have obtained permanent recognition in 1956 from the Government of India under the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956. The Exchange, while providing an efficient and transparent market for trading in securities, debt and derivatives upholds the interests of the investors and ensures redressal of their grievances whether against the companies or its own member brokers. A Governing Board having 20 directors is the apex body, which decides the policies and regulates the affairs of the Exchange. The Governing Board consists of 9 elected directors, who are from the broking community (one-third of them retire every year by rotation), three SEBI nominees (Securities Exchange Board of India), six public representatives an Executive Director, Chief Executive Officer and a Chief Operating Officer. The Executive Director and the Chief Executive Officer are responsible for the day-to-day administration of the Exchange and he is assisted by the Chief Operating Officer and other Heads of Departments. OBJECTIVES The BSE Sensex is the benchmark Index of the Indian Stock Market with wide acceptance among individual investors, institutional investors and fund managers. The objectives of the index are: Æ’ËÅ" TO MEASURE MARKET MOVEMENTS Given its long history and wide acceptance, no other index matches the BSE Sensex in reflecting market movements and sentiments. Sensex is widely used to describe the mood in the Indian Stock Market. Æ’ËÅ" BENCHMARK FOR FUNDS PERFORMANCE The inclusion of the Blue chip companies and the wide and balanced industry representation in the Sensex makes it the ideal benchmark for fund managers to compare the performance of their funds. Æ’ËÅ" FOR INDEX BASED DERIVATIVE PRODUCTS Since Sensex comprises of leading companies in all the significant sectors in the economy, we believe that it will be the most liquid contract in the Indian market and will garner a pre dominant market share LISTING OF SECURITIES Listing means admission of securities to dealings on a recognized stock exchange. The securities may be of any public limited company, Central or State Government, quasi-governmental and other financial institutions/corporations, municipalities etc. The objectives of listing are mainly to: Æ’ËÅ" Provide liquidity to securities Æ’ËÅ" Mobilize savings for economic development Æ’ËÅ" Protect interest of investors by ensuring full disclosures. The Exchange has a separate Listing Department to grant approval for listing of securities of companies in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, Securities Contracts (Regulation) Rules, 1957, Companies Act, 1956, Guidelines issued by SEBI and Rules, Bye-laws and Regulations of the Exchange. SELECTION CRITERIA The criteria for selection and review of scrips for the BSE Sensex can be explained in the following manner: A. QUANTITATIVE CRITERIA 1. MARKET CAPITALIZATION: The Scrip should figure in the top 100 companies listed by market capitalization. Also market capitalization of each of the scrip should be at least. 0.5 % of the total market capitalization of the Index i.e. the minimum weight should be 0.5%. Since the BSE Sensex is a market capitalization weighted index, this is one of the primary criteria for scrip selection. (Market Capitalization would be averaged for last 6 months). 2. LIQUIDITY: a. Trading Frequency: The scrip should have been traded on each and every trading day for the last six months. Exceptions can be made for extreme reasons like scrip suspension etc. b. Number of Trades: The scrip should be among the top 150 companies listed by average number of trades per day for the last one year. c. Value of Shares Traded: The scrip should be among the top 150 companies listed by average value of shares traded per day for the last one year. d. Trading Activity: The average number of shares traded per day as a percentage of the total number of outstanding shares of the company should be greater than 0.05 % for the last year. 3. CONTINUITY: Whenever the composition of the Index is changed, the continuity of historical series of index values is re-established by correlating the value of the revised index to the old index (index before revision). The back calculation over the last one-year period is carried out and correlation of the revised index to the old index should not be less than 0.98. This ensures that the historical continuity of the index is maintained. 4. INDUSTRY REPRESENTATION: Scrip selection would take into account a balanced representation of the listed companies in the universe of BSE. The index companies should be leaders in their industry group. 5. LISTED HISTORY: The scrip should have a listing history of at least 6 months on BSE. However, the Committee may relax the criteria under exceptional circumstances. B. QUALITATIVE CRITERIA 1. SCRIP GROUP: The Scrip should preferably be from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Aà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ group. 2. TRACK RECORD: The company should preferably have continuous dividend paying record or / and promoted by management having proven record. S P CNX NIFTY The NSE -50 Index was launched by the National Stock Exchange of India Limited, taking as base the closing prices of November 3, 1995 when one year of its Capital Market segment was completed. It was subsequently renamed S P CNX Nifty- with S P indicating endorsement of the Index by Standard and Poorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s and CNX standing for CRISIL NSE Index. The S P CNX NIFTY, also popularly known as the Nifty 50, is one of the most scientific indices in India that reflects the price movement of 50 blue- chips, large cap, liquid and highly traded stocks of 23 sectors. The Nifty is managed by India Index Services Products Ltd. (IISL). The total value of all Nifty stocks is approximately 70% of the traded value of all stocks on the NSE. Nifty stocks represent about 59% of the total market capitalization. OBJECTIVES The basic idea of this index is to ascertain the movements of the stock market as a whole by tapping the news which can affect the stock. The index also averages out the good stock specific news for a few companies and bad stock specific news for others and left with the news that is common to all stocks. The news that is common to all stocks is news about India, which is the sole purpose of NSE Nifty. According to NSE, the Index was introduced with the objectives of: 1. Reflecting market movement more accurately, 2. Providing Fund Managers with a tool for measuring portfolio returns vis-a-vis market returns, and 3. Providing a basis for introducing Index based derivatives. This paper discusses Efficient Market Hypothesis (thereby referred to as EMH), seasonalities and its implications in both advanced and emerging securities markets. EMH suggests that investors cannot expect to out perform the market consistently on a risk adjusted basis (Mayo, 2003). According to Fama (1965) who developed the Efficient Market Hypothesis, an efficient market is a market where there are a large number of rational profit-maximizers actively competing, with each trying to predict future market values of individual securities, and where important current information is almost freely available to all participants. In an efficient market, competition among the many intelligent participants leads to a situation where at any point in time, actual prices of individual securities already reflect the effects of information both on events that have already occurred and on events which, as of now, the market expects to take place in the future. In other words, in an efficient marke t at any point in time, the actual price of a security will be a good estimate of its intrinsic value. On the other hand, in an inefficient market, EMH would not hold. This suggests that existence of loop holes which could be exploited to make abnormal returns by predicting market price patterns, using past price information and insider information. These market inefficiencies, also called market anomalies have received as much research work as EMH. 2. THREE FORMS OF MARKET EFFICIENT HYPOTHESIS There are three forms of market efficiency in an informationally efficient market, where prices adjust quickly and accurately to new information (Emery et al, 2007). These forms show the degree of efficiency of security markets and attempt to answer the question of how efficient a market is. (Mayo, 2003 and Keane, 1983) 2.1 Weak Form Efficiency The weak form of EMH asserts that the current price fully reflects information contained in the past history of prices only. Stock market price information is available via most means of mass communication. Thus, investors should be unable to make superior profit from use of public information i.e. daily stock market prices or company results available to all. Again, many investment bankers and financial analysts devise investment strategies using technical analysis of past data to outperform the market and their competitors, in satisfying their clients demand for superior returns. Transaction costs of trading, investment advice, analysis and commissions when considered, affects the investors return, especially for investors who continue to use traditional full service brokers (Mayo,2003) 2.2 Semi Strong Form Efficiency The semi strong form of EMH, according to Brealey et al (2006), prices reflect not just past prices but all other published information, such as you might get from reading the financial press. Similarly, Fama (1969) defined it as publicly available information with examples of announcements of annual earnings and stock splits. Semi-strong form of EMH asserts that current prices fully reflects public knowledge about the underlying companies and that efforts to acquire and analyze this knowledge cannot be expected to produce superior investment results (Lorie Hamilton 1973). 2.3 Strong Form Efficiency The strong form of EMH suggests that share prices fully reflect not only published information but all relevant information including data not yet publicly available. It also asserts that not even those with privileged information (insiders) can often make use of it to secure superior investment results (Lorie Hamilton 1973). These three forms of EMH are not independent of one another. For the market to be efficient in the semi-strong form, it must also be efficient in the weak form, because if price movements follow a predictable path which the perceptive observer can exploit profitably, the implication is that the price has reacted slowly or capriciously to published information. Likewise, for the market to be efficient in the strong form it must also be efficient at the other two levels, otherwise, the price would not capture all relevant information (Keane, 1983). He went on to state that for an inefficiency (seasonality) to be operationally significant it must be exploitable. Keane (1983) analyses four criteria an exploitable inefficiency should satisfy, these are: (a) it should be authentic supportable by properly conducted statistical research. (b) It should be identifiable-not just strategies or people that beat the market but concrete and verifiable evidence. (c) It should be material- inefficie ncies are not exploitable unless they are sufficient to compensate for the costs and risks of pursuing them. (d) It should be persistent-the value of inefficiency is not just a record of its existence in the past but that it will continue to exist in future. These criteria are very important in understanding the different types of market seasonality or anomaly, their existence, prevalence and their implications for the EMH. 3. SEASONALITIES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EMH Seasonalities, as the name suggests are time regularities, patterns or predictable trends. In the financial securities market, seasonalities would suggest predictable time patterns in the behaviour of the stock market-volume of stock trades, stock returns etc. If it does exist, then investors can exploit the market for superior returns in all financial securities markets. Seasonalities as defined by Alagidede (2008) are evidences of market efficiency anomalies. These are also known as seasonal anomalies (calendar effects) which may be loosely referred to as the tendency for financial returns to display systematic patterns at certain times of the day, week, month or year. Calendar effects include: January effect, the month of the year effect, monthly effect, holiday effect, Monday effect / day of the week effect, weekend effect, turn of the year effect etc. (Guo and Wang, 2007). Discussing a few of them will be worthwhile. 3.1 The January Effect The January effect is where returns are much higher during the month of January than any other month, i.e. where investors can earn a disproportionately high amount of the total annual return available from both fixed income assets and equity in January Clare et al (1995). Most research conducted in developed economies confirm the presence of the January effect, although, in more recent times they seem to be disappearing. Keim (1983) and Reinganum (1983) show that the January effect and the size effect are highly interrelated. Blume and Stambaugh (1983) discovered, after controlling for upward biases in small stock returns, the size effect was only significant in January. An extensive amount of studies has gone into the month of the year effect. Mills and Coutts (1995) concluded that stock returns are much higher in the month of January in the UK using FTSE indices between January 1986 and October 1992(FTSE 100,Mid 250 and 350 indices). Gultekin and Gultekin (1983) using 17 countries also found evidence that the January return is much higher than other months returns, Alagidede (2008) tested for month of the year effect in emerging African markets and concluded that the January effect is positive and significant for Nigeria, Egypt and Zimbabwe. However Guo and Wangs (2007) study on the emerging Chinese stock market shows that there is no significant January effect in Chinese stock market. Many researchers have sought the cause of the January effect and arrived at a number of causes which include: tax-loss selling hypothesis, provision of new information at the end of a fiscal year, firm size had the significant higher risk in the beginning of the year than the rest of the year and the systematic tendencies for closing prices to be recorded at the bid in the last traded in December and at the ask in early January (Guo and Wangs, 2007) 3.2 The Holiday Effect The definition of a holiday is relative, subjective and would vary for different countries and their capital markets e.g. Christian, Muslim, public holidays etc. One definition of a holiday looks at days, other than Saturday or Sunday, upon which the market is closed (Alagidede, 2008). Ariel (1990) used US data reports to show that the trading day prior to holidays on average displays high positive returns, this result was supported by Kim and Park (1994) for US, Japan and UK .However, Cadsby and Ratner (1992) using UK data concluded that the holiday effect was insignificant This conclusion was challenged by Mills and Coutts (1995) in their study of calendar effects using London stock FTSE indices. Coutts et al (2000) showed that the holiday effect is present in their study of the Athens Stock Exchange (ASE), although, no similar study has been undertaken on the ASE which would have been used as a basis of comparison. Their results were consistent with international evidences. 3.3 The Weekend Effect One of the most prevalent anomalies appears to be a weekend effect where stocks display significantly lower returns over the period between Fridays close and Mondays close (Arsad and Coutts, 1995). Jaffe and Westerfield (1985) examined the daily stock market returns in 4 international stock markets including, the London stock Exchanges FT30 over the period 1950 1982 and found a significant weekend effect. Consistent with Jaffe and Westerfield (1985) findings, Condoyanni et al (1987) also found the existence of the weekend effect in the UK when examining the FT30 over the period 1979 1994. Arsad and Coutts (1996, 1997) also found the weekend effect in the FT30 from the period 1935 1994, although according to their research the effect was found not to be persistent. Board and Sutcliffe (1988) examined the weekend effect in the Financial Times all share index over the period 1962 1986 and found clear evidence of a weekend effect over the sample period, with the significance of the e ffect diminishing over time. This is consistent with later research done by Dubois and Louvet (1996) on the same index for the period 1969 1992, in which negative returns was found on Monday, which are compensated by abnormal positive returns on Wednesday. Agrawal and Tandon (1994) examined the weekend effect in 18 countries including the UK and found a negative Monday return when the market rises in the previous week. Furthermore, they found the effect disappearing in 1980. Mills and Coutts (1995) found evidence of the existence of the weekend effect in the UK when the FTSE 100, Mid 250, 350 and certain of the accompanying industry baskets was examined for the period from 1986 to 1992. Ajayi et al (2004) investigated day of the week stock return anomaly, using major market stock indices in eleven eastern European emerging markets for the period 1994 2002. The results show negative and positive Monday returns in six and five emerging markets respectively, of which only two of the six show negative Monday returns and one of the five show positive Monday returns and were statistically significant. Choudhry (2000) investigated the day of the week effect in seven emerging Asian stock markets from 1990 1995 and found significant weekend effect in some of the markets considered. 3.4 The Day of the Week Effect: The day of the week effect refers to existence of a pattern on the part of stock returns, whereby these returns are linked to the particular day of the week (Poshakwale 1996). The last trading days of the week, particularly Friday, are characterised by substantially positive returns while Monday, the first trading day of the week, differs from other days, even producing negative returns (Cross 1973, Lakonishok Levi (1982), Rogalski (1984), Keim Stambaugh( 1984) and Harris (1986). In other words, this effect relates to the difference in returns across different days of the week with the variance in stock returns found to be largest on Mondays and lowest on Fridays (Raj Kumari 2006). It should be noted that the day of the week effect in emerging capital markets has not been extensively researched and the presence of such an effect would mean that equity returns are not independent of the day of the week effect against random walk theory (Poshakwale 1996). On the other hand, the inte rnational evidence of the report has been somewhat mixed. Dubois and Louvert (1996) find returns to be lower for the beginning of the week (but not necessarily Monday) for European countries, Hong Kong and Canada. However, it was observed that the anomaly disappeared in the USA for the most recent periods. Agrawal and Tandon (1994), find negative Monday returns in nine countries and negative Tuesday returns in eight countries (out of a total of nineteen countries). Several theories have been put forward regarding specific time periods anomalies in the capital market. The day of the week effect has been explained by examining various kinds of measurement errors such as: settlement period hypothesis; which attributes the day of the week effect to the settlement dates with prices higher on the pay-in days as compared to the pay-out days. Calendar time(trading time) hypothesis; implies that since Monday returns are spread across three days (Saturday, Sunday Monday), the returns should be three times as high as other days. The negative Monday returns go against this reasoning, which lead to the proposed theory that returns should be proportional to trading time as opposed to calendar time (Raj Kumari 2006). Information flow hypothesis postulates that the difference in information flow over the weekend compared to other days of the week causes the Monday effect (Dyl Maberly 1988). Often companies hold back negative information till the weekend, g iving the investors two non-trading days to absorb the information before reacting with trading activity. Consequently, all sell orders get pushed to Monday, thereby giving negative returns (Raj Kumari 2006). Retail investor trading hypothesis, suggests that negative Monday returns could be the result of individual investor trading activity (Brooks Kim 1997). It was found that trading activity is significantly lower on Monday for large size trades, while small size trades have a higher percentage of sell orders on Monday as compared to other days of the week. 3.5 Trading Month Effect The trading month effect also called the turn-of -the-month effect which was first documented by Ariel(1987) using US data shows that returns are only positive around the beginning and during the first half of trading months, whereas during the second half they are on average zero. This study was replicated by Jaffe and Westerfield (1989), for the UK, Japan, Canada and Australia, in their study. However, only Australia shows a significant monthly effect. A conflicting evidence for the UK in a report from Cadsby and Ratner (1992) shows a significant trading month effect in the FT 500. Ariel (1988) offered three explanations for the trading month effect which include: new information concerning corporate cash flows, changes in risk free rate and changes in the preferences of market participants leading to variation in demand for securities which cannot be offset by supply. Mills and Coutts (1996) investigated the this effect using a large sample of daily returns from the Financial Time s Industrial Ordinary Share Index and found that a trading month effect is present but exists for a much shorter period than has been documented by previous studies for both the US and the UK. The information release hypothesis of French(1980) was accepted as an explanation of the trading month effect, only if the unexpected release of good and bad news has a tendency to fall in the final and first days of trading months, securities would be riskier during these periods , thus justifying the higher first half returns. Context of India: Published studies that have examined calendar effects in the Indian stock market appear to be limited. Kaur (2004) reports that few studies have examined the day-of-the-week effect in the Indian stock market, and further notes the absence of studies that examine monthly seasonality in the Indian stock market. Kaur utilized two Indian stock indexes, the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) 30 index and the National Stock Exchange (NSE) SP CNX Nifty stock index, to examine the day-of-the-week effect and the monthly effect. Kaur did not find a January effect in the Indian stock market, but did find that March and September generated substantially lower returns, whereas February and December generated substantial positive returns. Sarma (2004) adds that very few studies have examined calendar effects during the post reform era in the Indian stock market. Sarma investigated the BSE 30, the BSE 100, and the BSE 200 stock indexes to detect the day-of-the-week effect. Utilizing Kruskal-Wallis test statistics, Sarma concluded that the Indian stock market exhibited some seasonality in daily returns over the period January 1, 1996 to August 10, 2002. Bodla and Jindal (2006) examined several seasonal anomalies in the Indian stock market utilizing the SP CNX Nifty Index for the period January 1998 to August 2005. For the monthly effect, they did find some significant differences for their sub-period, January 2002 to August 2005. However, they were unable to find any significant differences among individual months. In an earlier study, Ignatius (1998) examined seasonality in a BSE index and in the Standard and Poors 500 stock index for the period 1979-1990. Ignatius found that December generated the highest mean returns , and that April and June generated high returns in the Indian stock index. Some studies examine seasonality in the Indian stock market as part of a broader analysis of seasonality in several major emerging stock markets. For example, Fountas and Segredakis (2002) investigated monthly seasonal anomalies in eighteen major emerging equity markets, including the Indian stock market. They examined the monthly effect for the period January 1987 to December 1995. For the Indian stock market, they found August returns were significantly greater than April, May, October and November returns. However, they did not find evidence consistent with hypothesized tax-loss selling in the Indian stock market, as the tax-year in India commences in April. Yakob, Beal and Delpachitra (2005) examined seasonal effects in ten Asian Pacific stock markets, including the Indian stock market, for the period January 2000 to March 2005. They state that this is a period of stability and is therefore ideal for examining seasonality as it was not influenced by the Asian financial crisis of the late nineties. Yakob, et al., concluded that the Indian stock market exhibited a month-of-the-year effect in that statistically significant negative returns were found in March and April whereas statistically significant positive returns were found in May, November and December. Of these five statistically significant monthly returns, November generated the highest positive returns whereas April generated the lowest negative returns. Evidence of monthly seasonality in the Indian stock market is somewhat mixed. This may be, in part, a consequence of the fact that the Indian economy is in transition and is therefore constantly evolving, supporting the notion that further research into these calendar effects in the Indian stock market is warranted.

Sunday, January 19, 2020

Catholic and Jewish Rituals Stemming from Sacred Texts

In the last few thousand years, various religions have made the choice to record their various stories and teachings, to eliminate the â€Å"Chinese Whispers† effect that alters the details of these important themes. These writings are often utilised by those who follow the religion as a reference point to base their rituals on. The monotheistic religions of Christianity, more specifically Catholicism, and Judaism are both largely founded in their respective sacred texts and rely on these as a story to live by that guides and directs them through their ritualistic lives.Some rituals comprised from elements in religious texts are the community worship, a day of rest and the use of bread as a spiritual symbol. The form of community worship used by Catholics is the mass. Traditionally, it occurs on Sunday morning, and it attended by the Catholics of the community (The Catholic Archdiocese of Perth, 2008). However, in more modern times, it is only the more devoted worshippers that regularly attend mass at a cathedral/church/chapel. Within the mass are many rituals comprised from bible stories, such as the reciting of the Our Father.It is in the bible when Jesus is asked how to pray by his disciples, Luke 11: 1-13 (The Catholic Youth Bible, 2004). It was here that the Messiah first prayed the most well known Catholic prayer, which is used routinely by not only Catholics, but all of Christianity. The recording of this incidence in the scared text provides a reference point for the ritual of prayer in Catholicism. Jewish peoples attend the Synogogue, where they also pray as a community. This community is split, men and women must worship separately, as combining the two genders will cause a distraction and reduce the focus the individuals may place on their prayer (Chabad. rg, 2012. During the time that is spent in the Synagogue, ritual dictates that the Torah is read at various points throughout. The Torah is made up of the five books of Moses, as it is said t hat on Mount Sinai, God tells him what to record. Among these books, are the 613 commandments. The most famous of these are referred to by the Jewish people as the 10 Statements (BBC, 2009), while Catholics name them as the 10 Commandments, as they place less importance on the other 603 than the Jewish people do.The day of rest used by Catholics originated in the book of Genesis, where it is stated that God rested on the seventh day and sanctified it (Genesis 2:2) (The Catholic Youth Bible, 2004). In present times this has been adapted to the expression, â€Å"Even God rested on the seventh day,† reinforcing the theory that this ritual of rest is still observed in modern times even by those who do not follow the religion. This day of rest is called the Sabbath and happens every Sunday. Catholics take this to mean that if even God had to rest on the seventh day, so should they.Those in Judaism also have the day of rest for the same reason, thought the scripture reference diffe rs though they call it the Shabbat and it happens from Friday at sundown to Saturday at sundown. During this time, they must fast and everyday chores and work are not executed (Judaism 101, 2011). Despite both rituals both being derived from the same text, they have branched throughout time to form the state they are both currently in, thanks to the numerous influences that have been placed on each. While, in one sense it could be said these originated from the same ‘book’, this is incorrect.Both of this sacred days began due to the direction God gave in the creation story, however, the two religions have significant difference in their sacred texts. From a Catholic perspective the story begins in Genesis 2: 1-3 (The Catholic Youth Bible, 2004), though a Jewish person would it is in Bereshit 2: 1-3. These are the same stories, being told under different names – Bereshit being one of five books of the Jewish Torah (Volker Doorman, 2008) and Genesis being one of si xty-six books in the Catholic Bible.In Catholicism, bread is used in the Eucharist in memory of the Last Supper (Luke 22: 1-23) (The Catholic Youth Bible, 2004), when Jesus gave the bread of his body and wine of his blood to his apostles to symbolise giving himself to them, as he would be the next day when he was crucified. This meal was made immortal in the painting by Leonardo Da Vinci, which is known to most of the Western World. The current significance of this painting commemorates the importance of that night to Catholic peoples.However, the bread is used on Judaism for an entirely different reason, during the Passover/Pesach (Exodus 12/ Sh’mot 12). During this time, they may not eat anything leavened, as is set out in Leviticus 23:5 (The Catholic Youth Bible, 2004). The unleavened bread, which is usually braided to form a pattern in the bread, is the only bread that they are allowed to consumed in this time. The Passover meal has enormous significance to the Jewish and Christian peoples, it marks the time that the ancient Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt by the 10 plagues sent by God.The most well known of these plagues was one that killed the first-born of the Egyptian families. The name comes from the presence of the lamb’s blood on the door, which alerted the spirit that it was not an Egyptian inside, but an Israelite – therefore it must ‘pass over’ that dwelling (Historic Jesus). The various aforementioned rituals, comprised from elements in religious texts are community worship, a day or rest and the use of bread as a spiritual symbol.They are all used by the monotheistic religions of Christianity, more specifically Catholicism, and Judaism – founded in their respective sacred texts and partially reliant on these stories as a guide and to provide direction to them through their ritualistic lives. Without the sacred texts, these religions would lack the structured way that they now operate and the true meaning of the stories would be lost among the many different tales.

Friday, January 10, 2020

Marketing strategies of Apple Inc Essay

A study on the marketing strategies of Apple Inc (Dissertation)Document 1. †A study on marketing strategy of Apple† December 2012 I †Critical Analysis of using marketing strategies of branding Apple Inc† Maha H 2. †A study on marketing strategy of Apple† December 2012 II Declaration I hereby declare that this dissertation is my own original work and is the result of my own investigations. This dissertation research was conducted to fulfill the requirements of BA (Hons) in Business Administration (Marketing) associated with University of Wales. XYZ December, 2012 3. †A study on marketing strategy of Apple† December 2012 III Acknowledgement I would like to thank a bunch of people who helped me in completion of my dissertation like: My facilitator for guidance and support throughout the dissertation. All respondents and friends for filling in the questionnaires. My family for constant support and motivation. 4. †A study on marketing strategy of Apple† December 2012 IV Abstract , computernicsconsumer electroApple Incorporation is a multinational company that creates and sells The.billionabout US$16363 stores worldwide, with global sales of, insoftware, and personal computers are mainlyiPadand theiPhone,iPodline of computers,Macintoshlikeknown products-company’s well e due to high brand awareness related to these products. Applerecognized as a source of competitive edg ,Final Cut Studio,Aperture,iWork,iLife,iTunes,Mac OS Xalso sells other branded products like, .iOSbrowser andSafari,Logic Studio The main objective of this study is to analyze the importance of using marketing strategies of branding in Apple Inc. The study will help to find out about the related benefits of branding mainly. The details of the study will help us to learn about the consumer’s awareness about the brand and how their loyalty can be increased in order to gain a competitive edge. Also, analyzing the importance of branding can help us to find out about the Apple brand’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, by using SWOT analysis tool and by using STP process, we can know how to segment the market, target the customers and position the products/services. Whereas, by using 4 Ps of marketing mix, we can find out about the branded product, its price, promotion and placement. Therefore, since the competition in the technology industry is increasing, ‘A study on using marketing strategy of branding in Apple’ will help the company in staying at the top of consumer’s mind, to cope up with the changes, to gain competitive edge, to attain goals  set by the company, to make improvements for the future related to products, its pricing strategy, communications used to promote and the placement of the product. Therefore, it will help us to evaluate whether branding will affect Apple Inc’s success rate or not. 5. †A study on marketing strategy of Apple† December 2012   Introduction 1.1 Technology Industry Wiki invest (2012) Technology states, the technology industry provides foundation for activities such as, chip production, information and communication systems, and computer systems. The companies belon ging to this industry serves as developers and manufacturers of the products which increase efficiency and production of cell phones, computers, televisions, and other communication and information systems. It is a huge industry with a high growth potential, but it is sometimes go through volatile cycles, like the semiconductor industry. As chips are getting smaller and globalization is increasing, demand for faster and efficient technology, demand for technological industry in increasing. 1.2 Introduction to Apple Incorporation Apple Incorporation is a multinational company that createst,tha,statesApple store(2012)Wikipedia 363 stores, computer software, and personal computers, selling inconsumer electronicsand sells oncompany was first foundedThe.billion in merchandiseabout US$16ide, with global sales ofworldw and thenRonald Wayne, andSteve Wozniak,Steve Jobsby, CaliforniaCupertinoApril 1, 1976 in he company was named as Apple Computer, Inc before for the first 30Ted on January 3, 1977.incorporat The company’syears. The word â€Å"Computer† was then removed from its name on January 9, 2007. Now the company’s.consumer electronicson personal computers shifted towardswastraditional focus , along with theiriPadand theiPhone,iPodline of computers,Macintoshknown products are the-best suite ofiLifemed ia browser,iTunes,)operating system(Mac OS Xother line of products including, (professionalAperture(suite of productivity software),iWorkmultimedia/creativity software, , aLogic Studioindustry),-(suite of professional audio and filmFinal Cut Studiophotography package), (mobile operating system).iOSweb browser andSafarisuite of music production tools; 1.2.1 Mission statement of Apple Inc According to Apple Inc (2012), †Apple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork, and professional software. Apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes online store. Apple reinvented the mobile phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App Store, and has recently introduced its magical iPad which is  defining the future of mobile media and computing devices.† Another mission statement is:†Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through its innovative hardware, software and internet offerings.† 8. To find out about the branded product and its related price, promotion and placement and to find out the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats the company may be facing.ï‚ · To find out about the benefits of branding for the company and to find o ut how branding helps to gain a competitive edge by differentiating themselves and how it increases customer loyalty and increases brand awareness. To analyze the importance of using a marketing strategies of branding for Apple Inc and to find out how STP strategies helps Apple’s brand. Toinnovateonaregularbasis. 1.2.4 Major competitors of Apple Inc Samsung, Microsoft, Dell, HP, Blackberry, Nokia 1.3 Motivations of research: As the competition in the technology industry has increased, it has become mandatory to make a study on the importance of using a marketing strategies of branding for Apple, to stay at the top of consumer’s mind, to cope up with the changing environment, to gain competitive edge, to make improvements in future and to attain goals set by the company. 1.4 Research Objectives: Toopenmorestoresevenoninternationallocationsto increase sales and dominate world market. ï‚ · Tokeepcreatingandreleasingcomputersandconsumerelectronics those are user-friendly. ï‚ · To obtain products and services within tight timeframe, at a cost providing the best value to the customers and shareholders. ï‚ ·Ã¢â‚¬ A study on marketing strategy of Apple† December 2012 2 1.2.2 Vision Statement of Apple Inc â€Å"We believe that we are on the face of the earth to make great productsAccording to Apple Inc (2012), and that’s not changing. We are constantly focusing on innovating. We believe in the simple not the t we need to own and control the primary technologies behind the products thatcomplex. We believe tha we make, and participate only in markets where we can make a significant contribution. We believe in hat are truly important andsaying no to thousands of projects, so that we can really focus on the few t pollination of our groups , which allow us to-meaningful to us. We believe in deep collaboration and cross innovate in a way that others cannot. And frankly, we don’t settle for anything less than excellence in honesty to admit when we’re wrong and the courage to-company,  and we have the selfevery group in the change. And I think regardless of who is in what job those values are so embedded in this company that Apple will do extremely well.† 1.2.3 Objectives of Apple Inc As stated on the website Apple Inc (2012) are: 9. †A study on marketing strategy of Apple† December Does branding really contribute in making a difference in Apple Inc’s success? 1.6 Organization of Study: Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Literature Review Chapter 3: Methodology Chapter 4: Research findings, data presentation and data analysis Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendationsï‚ · How will using STP strategies, 4 Ps of marketing mix and SWOT Analysis help to enhance Apple’s brand? ï‚ · Does branding allow Apple Inc to charge premium for its products and yet maintain customer loyalty? ï‚ · Does branding allow Apple’s customer to easily recognize and recall the company and its products? ï‚ · Does branding helps Apple to differentiate its products from its competitors, by gaining competitive edge? ï‚ · Does branding allow Apple Inc to communicate company’s objectives, mission and vision clearl y to their customers? 2012 3 1.5 Research question: 1.5.1 Leading question: What benefits will Apple and its customers benefit from after using branding marketing strategy? 1.5.2 Subsidiary questions: 10. Brand recognition- is when the consumers have good knowledge of brand when they are asked questions related to a specific brand and they are able to differentiate a brand on the basis of having noticed or heard about earlier. E.g. Is I-phone related to Apple or Samsung?ï‚ ·Ã¢â‚¬ A study on marketing strategy of Apple† December 2012 4 CHAPTER 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction This section will provide the details about the qualitative data, providing a foundation for all the details to follow. 2.2 What is branding? According to Kotler (1999), branding is a †name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of all these that identifies the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors.† Branding does not only allow your targ et market to choose your company over the competitor’s, but it helps in getting your prospects to see you as the only company that provides a solution to the consumer’s problems. It provides a company’s with a recognizable and trustworthy badge of originality, an intangible guarantee, i.e. a promise of performance that the product will meet with desired consumers’ expectations. 2.2.1 Apple’s Branding Strategy According to Marketing minds (2012), Apple Inc. uses the Apple brand to  compete across several highly competitive markets, including the personal computer industry with its Macintosh line of computers/laptops and related software, the consumer electronics industry with products such as the iPod, digital music distribution through iTunes Music Store, the smart phone market with the Apple iPhone, magazine, book, games and applications publishing via the AppsStore for iPhone and the iPad tablet computing device, and movie and TV content distribution with Apple TV. The company is also establishing a very strong marketing presence relative to the rival (Google) in the advertising market, via its business Apps and iAd network. Steve Job s, the co-Founder of Apple, described the company as being a â€Å"mobile devices company†, largest in the world as their revenues are bigger than Nokia, Samsung, or Sony’s mobile devices business. 2 .2.2 Brand Awareness It is when the consumers are familiar about the life or availability of the product. It is the degree to which consumers associate your brand with a specific product/service. As indicated by Management study guide (2012) in their article † What is brand awareness?†, Brand awareness may include of: 11. It strengthens user loyalty Apple has a branding strategy that focuses on the emotions. Apple brand’s personality is about lifestyle, imagination, liberty regained, innovation, passion, hopes, dreams and aspirations, and power-to-the-people through technology. The Apple brand personality is also about simplicity, making life easier for people as they have people-driven product design, and is a humanistic company with a heartfelt connection with its customers. 2.2.4 Apple’s Brand equity According to Investopedia, it is the premium value that the company realizes from a product with a recognizable name as compared to its generic equivalent fi rm. Companies can create brand equity for their products by making them memorable, easily recognizable and superior in quality and reliability. Also, mass marketing campaigns may help to create brand equity. Brand equity is said to be positive if the consumers are willing to pay more for a branded product than for a generic one. Brand awareness plays a key role in building brand equity. Create reliable brand image, slogans and taglines, helps to strengthen brand awareness which therefore improves brand equity. Marketing minds (2012) also states, Since Apple has strong brand awareness, it has high sales and high market share, and the consumers are well acquainted and familiar with the brand and its products. They are also  willing to pay premium price for their products, relative to the competitor’s brand due to Apple’s positive brand equity. Apple is not just intimate with their consumers but there is a real sense of community among users of its main product lines. Therefore, this also helps to create consumer’s brand loyalty (where brand loyalty is when the consumers become committed to your brand, ch oosing it over competitors and making repeat purchases over time.)ï‚ · It motivates the buyer ï‚ · It connects your target prospects emotionally ï‚ · It confirms your company’s credibility ï‚ · Helps to deliver the message clearly ï‚ · Brand recall- It allows a customer to recover a brand from his memory when given the product class/category, needs satisfied by that category or buying scenario as a signal, i.e. if they are able to recall the brand from their memory. E.g. Showing a logo of Apple’s brand, and asking which brand does this logo belongs to. 2.2.3 Apple’s brand personality As stated by About.com (2012), †What is branding and how important is it to your marketing strategy?†, a good brand helps a company to achieve these objectives: ï‚ ·Ã¢â‚¬ A study on marketing strategy of Apple† December 2012 5 12. †A study on marketing strategy of Apple† December 2012 6 2.3 Benefits of branding a company (Apple) 2.3.1 Emotional Appeal – As stated by Clarity marketing LTD (2005), emotional appeal helps a great deal in targeting customer’s emotions with product names. A strong, recognizable brand will acts like a ‘short cut’ in decision making process, as the customers don’t dither over alternatives or compare options where there is no clear point of difference, and instantly chooses your brand as they know what it stands for. For instance, as Apple manufactures technological items, the name of each product clearly reflects technological aspects like iPod touch, which indicates that it is a product that allows you to play and choose music through touch properties. It therefore, helps in creating an integrated appeal to specific emotions promoting the product recognition and sales. 2.3.2 Memorability and Familiarity – According to Marcia Yudkin (2012), brand helps to create a reputation and good will for a company. It is very hard for customers to refer to a company as â€Å"that whatsitsname store† or to refer business as â€Å"the shop from the Yellow Pages.† In addition to the company name, it gives people to give constant reminders reinforcing the identity of companies they will want to buy from. Memorability can come from the logo, its design, color, style etc which  helps to nail your company’s name in the minds of the public. Similarly, after your brand is nailed in the minds of your customers, that’s when your customers have become familiar and aware of your company’s existence in the market. Branding allows having huge effects on non-customers too. Psychologists’ studies have proved that familiarity develops liking for it. Also, the customers who have never bought from your company, may many tomes be willing to recommend your company to others even without having any personal knowledge of your products or services. Therefore, the half bitten Apple logo and the brand name ‘Apple’ help a great deal to help customers remember, be familiar and recommend the brand to others. 2.3.3 Premium image and Premium price – Branding allows a company to differentiate themselves from competitors existing in the market, because of which instead of dealing with price-shoppers the customers become eager to pay a higher price for your company’s goods and services. A strong brand let the customers associate themselves as being a company that offers premium quality, trendy products and is offering unique products that other companies are not offering. 2.3.4 Extensions – When your company’s brand is well-established, you can spread the respect you’ve earned to a related new product, service or location and win acceptance easily of the newcomer. For instance, when Apple introduced a new product extension line of Ipad, the customers trusted the brand so they didn’t feel reluctant and bought Ipads anyway, making these tablets quite popular of its kind in the market. 2.3.5 Loyalty – When customers have a positive experience with your company’s brand, they are more likely to buy your products and services again in future rather than the competitors. Customers that are closely bonded with your brand’s identity may not only repurchase what they bought earlier, but may also buy related items of the same brand, and recommend your brand to others and resist the lure of a competitor’s price cut. The brand identity helps to create and anchor such loyalty.